Ginseng

2005 AMERICAN GINSENG (Panax quinquefolius) HARVEST

 

For the 2005 harvest season, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  (Service) will issue export permits only for wild ginseng roots that are at least 10 years old.  The new provision does not affect the half-million pounds of cultivated ginseng roots exported from the United States every year, which constitutes about 85-90% of U.S. exports of ginseng.  The Service had previously limited exports to roots at least 5 years of age, but has now determined that this does not allow plants to remain in the wild long enough to contribute substantially to the production of new plants.
      Ginseng plants generally produce seed by 4-5 years of age, but actually become more productive with age.  It is critical that plants be harvested only once they have matured and have had an opportunity to reproduce such that seed production and growth of new plants is adequate to sustain the long-term survival of the species.  Ginseng is long lived, with a life expectancy of 30 or more years.  Recent studies have shown that ginseng is not being allowed to reach maturity in the wild, that few older plants remain, and that overall population size is decreasing.
      In 1975, because of the high demand for wild roots, American ginseng was listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), a treaty that regulates trade in animals and plants to ensure the survival of wild populations.  An Appendix-II listing means that export permits must be issued by the country of origin, which must determine that a particular shipment for export was legally acquired and that the export will not be detrimental to the survival of that species in the wild.  The Service began approving export of ginseng on a State-by-State basis in 1978.
      According to export data collected by the Service, the United States legally exported approximately a half-million pounds of cultivated ginseng roots in 2004.  Also in 2004, the United States exported approximately 60,000 pounds of wild roots. Virtually all of the ginseng harvested in the United States is exported, with the overwhelming majority going directly to Asia (mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan).
      In addition to helping ensure that wild ginseng plants have sufficient time to reproduce, the new export condition is aimed at helping States within the species’ range to stem the poaching of wild roots by providing consistent law enforcement throughout the country.   Nineteen states have been previously approved by the Fish and Wildlife Service for the export of wild ginseng.  They are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.


For more information about this ruling and the impact it has on you as private landowner view a HurHerald Article or an AHPA Update on the ruling.

     To read the actual non-detriment finding made by the Service's Division of Scientific Authority, go to:


 http://www.fws.gov/international/pdf/2005ginsengfinding.pdf


If you have any questions about the scientific finding, please contact the Division of Scientific Authority, e-mail: scientificauthority@fws.gov.  For questions on permit procedures, please contact the Division of Management Authority, e-mail: managementauthority@fws.gov.

 

 

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